Shinzen shares how the use of "witness' and "non-dual" has various meanings to different people. He shares of the difficulties and ambiguities in talking about these terms. Shinzen shares two senses of the word witness. The first example describes a certain level of equanimity with a "distance creating metaphor", which is a certain stage on the path that one must not get stuck in. Shinzen then goes on to describe the True or Absolute Witness and quotes from Patanjali's Yoga Sutras, then shares how the transition occurs from the "separate observer" to the "absolute witness".