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How Racism Began as White-On-White Violence

By Resmaa Menakem — 2018

Did over ten centuries of decontextualized medieval European brutality, which was inflicted on white bodies by other white bodies, begin to look like culture? Did this inter-generational trauma and its possible epigenetic effects end with European immigrants’ arrival in the “New World”?

Read on medium.com

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06:24

A Conversation with Native Americans on Race - Op-Docs

This week we bring you “A Conversation With Native Americans on Race,” the latest installment in our wide-ranging “Conversation on Race” series.

Video
2018
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De Colores Means All of Us: Latina Views for a Multi-Colored Century

Elizabeth Martínez’s unique Chicana voice has been formed through over thirty years of experience in the movements for civil rights, women’s liberation, and Latina/o empowerment. In De Colores Means All of Us, Martínez presents a radical Latina perspective on race, liberation and identity.

Book
Elizabeth Martínez
2025
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Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America

Some Americans insist that we're living in a post-racial society. But racist thought is not just alive and well in America--it is more sophisticated and more insidious than ever. And as award-winning historian Ibram X.

Book
Ibram X. Kendi
2025
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The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America

How did we come to think of race as synonymous with crime? A brilliant and deeply disturbing biography of the idea of black criminality in the making of modern urban America, The Condemnation of Blackness reveals the influence this pernicious myth, rooted in crime statistics, has had on our society...

Book
Khalil Gibran Muhammad
2025
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Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America

Former public defender James Forman, Jr. is a leading critic of mass incarceration and its disproportionate impact on people of color.

Book
James Forman Jr.
2018
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So You Want to Talk About Race

Widespread reporting on aspects of white supremacy -- from police brutality to the mass incarceration of Black Americans -- has put a media spotlight on racism in our society. Still, it is a difficult subject to talk about.

Book
Ijeoma Oluo
2025
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I’m Still Here: Black Dignity in a World Made for Whiteness

Austin Channing Brown’s first encounter with a racialized America came at age seven, when she discovered her parents named her Austin to deceive future employers into thinking she was a white man.

Book
Austin Channing Brown
2018
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Bullwhip Days—The Slaves Remember: An Oral History

In the 1930s, the Works Progress Administration commissioned an oral history of the remaining former slaves.

Book
James Mellon (editor)
2002
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Black Skin, White Masks

Few modern voices have had as profound an impact on the black identity and critical race theory as Frantz Fanon, and Black Skin, White Masks represents some of his most important work.

Book
Frantz Fanon
2008
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Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents

In this brilliant book, Isabel Wilkerson gives us a masterful portrait of an unseen phenomenon in America as she explores, through an immersive, deeply researched narrative and stories about real people, how America today and throughout its history has been shaped by a hidden caste system, a rigid...

Book
Isabel Wilkerson
2020
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EXPLORE TOPIC

Racial Discrimination