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How Racism Began as White-On-White Violence

By Resmaa Menakem — 2018

Did over ten centuries of decontextualized medieval European brutality, which was inflicted on white bodies by other white bodies, begin to look like culture? Did this inter-generational trauma and its possible epigenetic effects end with European immigrants’ arrival in the “New World”?

Read on medium.com

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America for Americans: A History of Xenophobia in the United States

The United States is known as a nation of immigrants. But it is also a nation of xenophobia. In America for Americans, Erika Lee shows that an irrational fear, hatred, and hostility toward immigrants has been a defining feature of our nation from the colonial era to the Trump era.

Book
Erika Lee
2025
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05:17

How 'white fragility' reinforces racism

Robin DiAngelo’s bestselling book White Fragility has provoked an uncomfortable but vital conversation about what it means to be white.

Video
2020
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04:09

Heartbreaking Moment When Kids Learn About White Privilege - The School That Tried to End Racism

A British school helps its students uncover and eradicate hidden racial biases.

Video
2020
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05:36

A Conversation With White People On Race - Op-Docs - The New York Times

This short documentary features interviews with white people on the challenges of talking about race.

Video
2015
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04:07

Native Americans Know How Place Affects Health | Place Matters Oregon | OHA

For thousands of years, the Klamath Tribes have had a deep physical and spiritual connection to southern Oregon. But in 1954, the U.S. government took over their tribal lands there.

Video
2018
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Cultural Trauma: Slavery and the Formation of African American Identity (Cambridge Cultural Social Studies)

This book explores the formation of the African-American identity through the theory of cultural trauma. The trauma in question is slavery, not as an institution or as personal experience, but as collective memory—a pervasive remembrance that grounded a people’s sense of itself.

Book
Ron Eyerman
2008
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How the Word Is Passed: A Reckoning With the History of Slavery Across America

Beginning in his hometown of New Orleans, Clint Smith leads the reader on an unforgettable tour of monuments and landmarks—those that are honest about the past and those that are not—that offer an intergenerational story of how slavery has been central in shaping our nation’s collective history,...

Book
Clint Smith III
2021
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06:24

A Conversation with Native Americans on Race - Op-Docs

This week we bring you “A Conversation With Native Americans on Race,” the latest installment in our wide-ranging “Conversation on Race” series.

Video
2018
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De Colores Means All of Us: Latina Views for a Multi-Colored Century

Elizabeth Martínez’s unique Chicana voice has been formed through over thirty years of experience in the movements for civil rights, women’s liberation, and Latina/o empowerment. In De Colores Means All of Us, Martínez presents a radical Latina perspective on race, liberation and identity.

Book
Elizabeth Martínez
2025
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Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America

Some Americans insist that we're living in a post-racial society. But racist thought is not just alive and well in America--it is more sophisticated and more insidious than ever. And as award-winning historian Ibram X.

Book
Ibram X. Kendi
2025
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EXPLORE TOPIC

Racial Discrimination